HISTORY OF RAZIA SULTAN

RAzia sulatan real name was Jalâlat-ud-Dîn Raziyâ,But in History she is famous as RAZia sULTANa....She was born in BUDANA INDIA in 1205..she was the daughter of shams_u_din iltimsh who was a slave but after this he becam of sultan of DELHI himself.RAZIA SULTANA was only female who ruels the sultanat of DEHLI..RUKUNU DIN FEROZ was his step brother..

 Qutub Begum, married to Iltutmish (or Altamush or Iltamush). Qutub Begum, was the mother of Razia, and Razia was thus a maternal granddaughter of QUTB U DIN ABEK Razia thus grew up in privileged circumstances and close to the levers of power both within the harem (where her mother was dominant) and in court, where she was a favorite of both her maternal grandfather and her father. This was in contrast with her step-brothers, most of who were the sons of former slave-girls, and who grew up quite distant from the centers of power.

When Razia was five years old, died and was succeeded by Iltutmish. Razia was a favorite of her father, and as a child was allowed to be present around him while he dealt with affairs of state. Later, like some other princesses of the time, she was trained to administer a kingdom if required, in the absence of father or husband.Her abilities and diligence, no less than her mother's royal lineage, commended Razia to Iltutmish and made her a confirmed favorite with him. Nevertheless, it was his eldest son, 

Razia is said to have pointed out that the spirit of religion was more important than its parts, and that even the ISLAMIC prophet MUHAMMAD spoke against overburdening the non-Muslims. On another occasion, she reportedly tried to appoint an Indian Muslim convert from HINDUISM to an official position but again ran into opposition from the nobles.

Razia was reportedly devoted to the cause of her empire and to her subjects. There is no record that she made any attempt to remain aloof from her subjects, rather it appears she preferred to mingle among them.

Razia established schools, academies, centers for research, and public libraries that included the works of ancient philosophers along with the QURAN and the traditions of muhammaD. Works in the sciences, philosophy, astronomy, and literature were also reportedly studied in schools and colleges
she was a good lady and gives equal rights to every one in her duration..DELHI progress day by day in her duration...RAZIA married with Altunia and they both love with each other....

Queen of the times, Sultana Razia, daughter of Shamsuddin Altumish”. The juma’a khutba was read in her name. However, her authority was not legitimate until the Caliph in Baghdad accepted it. Even though he had lost all of his dominions in Asia to the Mongols, the Caliph was still the spiritual and titular head of Sunni Islam and he carried the title of Emir ul Momineen (leader of the believers). Only he could bestow legitimacy upon a sultan. Razia, a Turk and a Sunni, declared her allegiance to the Abbasid Caliph with the following proclamation: “In the time of Imam al Mustansir, Emir ul Momineen, Malika Altumish, daughter of Sultan Altumish, she who increases the glory of Emir ul Momineen”. The Caliph recognized her as the “Malika” of Delhi (1237), in part because he needed a Sunni bulwark to the east of the vast territories now controlled by the Mongols, who were closing in on Baghdad itself.

A great deal of information about Sultana Razia has come down to us through the writings of Ibn Batuta, one of the greatest world travelers, who visited and lived in India (1335-1340) a hundred years after Razia. According to him, Razia rode the horse into battle dressed like a soldier, administered justice, conquered new territories and presided over the affairs of state. But the jealousy of men knows no bounds. To the Turkish generals and noblemen, the ascension of a woman to the throne was a difficult pill to swallow. Razia was young, beautiful and unmarried. Many of the noblemen made marriage proposals to her. She spurned these proposals. Instead, she fell in love with an African slave of the court, Jamaluddin Yaqut, who was the keeper of the royal stables. The rumor mill of Delhi, fanned by the jealousy of spurned and disappointed generals, went to work. Her case was brought before thekadis of Delhi. Accusations were made that she had gotten too close to a man. The kadis ruled that Razia had violated the Shariah and should therefore step down, get married and retire behind the veil. They nominated a Turkish general Altuniya as her successor. Undaunted, Razia marched out of Delhi Fort to meet the general in battle. As fate would have it, she was defeated and was taken prisoner. Razia was not only a splendid monarch; she was also a beautiful young woman. The victorious Altuniya fell in love with his prisoner and married her. The two advanced together towards Delhi to recapture the city that was hers as her father’s legacy. Unfortunately, once again, the combined forces of Razia and Altuniya suffered defeat. Razia fled the battlefield. Exhausted and hungry, she took refuge in a farmer’s hut. As she slept, the farmer noticed that his guest, who was dressed like a man, wore a garment embroidered in gold. He killed her in her sleep but was caught by the townspeople as he tried to sell the gold ornaments.

In an obscure lot in the old city of Delhi lies buried this stalwart lady. The alleys to her tomb lead a visitor through decrepit buildings and nauseous open gutters. A simple inscription marks the entrance to her tomb, hidden from the gully. Encroachments have all but consumed the site, blocking the sun from her wistful tomb. Her husband Altuniya lies by her side and the graves of two infants of unknown origin lie near their feet. Such is the fate history has accorded to one of the most celebrated women the world has known.

Ibn Batuta records how the common folks venerated their queen. By the year 1335, when Ibn Batuta visited Delhi, her grave had become a venerated tomb and a place of pilgrimage. A beautiful mausoleum with a dome had been erected on her grave. India was by now a land influenced by Sufi movements and Razia had become a saint. No wonder!

Razia had triumphed in her tragedy. She had changed history. The common man and woman saw in her one of their own who rose from being the daughter of a slave to becoming the first Muslim queen of one of the most powerful empires in the world. She rose like a star and like a meteorite she fell, illuminating the world both in her rise and in her fall. She demonstrated in her brilliance that a woman could be the head of a Muslim state, in spite of the constraints put upon her by tradition and custom.....she was kind and justice lady...Meanwhile, Razia's brother MUIZUudin bharam  had usurped the throne. After Altunia and Razia undertook to take back the sultan rom Bahram through battle, both Razia and her husband were defeated on the 24th of RABIULAWAAL A.H. 638 (October 1240). They fled Delhi and reached KAITHAL the next day, where their remaining forces abandoned them. They both fell into the hands of jatts and were robbed and killed on the 25th of RABIULAWALH.638 this date corresponds to October 13, 1240. Bahram, for his part, reigned from 1240 to 1242, but would be dethroned for incompetence.
SHE WAS very kind and a proud DAughter of ISLAM.. her name written with GOlden words in history.. ALLAH BLESS HER WITH JANNAH.... AMEEEENNNNN